Congenital Torticollis (Torticollis Not Related to Trauma) Chapter 28

The congenital torticollis, present from birth, is characterized by an inclination and rotation of the head in relation to the trunk, due to contracture or fibrosis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Inclination occurs on the same side of the affected sternocleidomastoid muscle, and it is localized across the entire cervical spine while rotation of the face and chin is contralateral and it is largely localized at C1 and C2 levels. When diagnosed and treated early (<6 months), torticollis can be managed conservatively with good or excellent results. In older patients (1–4 years), corrective surgery has both cosmetic and functional benefits. In neglected cases (>5 years), the form and efficacy of treatment are controversial and correction of bone malformations should not be expected.