Energy Management System for Optimal Operation of a Prosumer with Renewable Generation and Electric Vehicle Fleet with Vehicle-to-Building

The transition towards sustainable energy consumption, particularly within the building sector, presents challenges and opportunities for technological advancements in integrating Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) into the electric grid. This paper proposes an Energy Management System (EMS) tailored for optimizing the operation of a warehouse prosumer building located in Italy, equipped with Photovoltaic (PV), Wind Turbine (WT) units, and a fleet of EVs for freight delivery, able to provide Vehicle-to-Building (V2B) services. The EMS incorporates RES inverters' capability curves to manage reactive power flows efficiently. The objective function considers operating costs, RES curtailment costs, and penalties for inductive reactive power absorption. Through a detailed sensitivity analysis, this paper aims to analyse the impact of the EV fleet dimension on facility operations, providing insights into key energy and economic metrics, and focusing on the operational advantages offered by V2B service.