Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) stand as a cutting-edge solu- tion for reducing emissions and improving the resilience of naval hybrid power systems. However, their effectiveness depends on several factors, including opera- tional and reliability requirements, power system configuration and electrification level, load profiles, and the chosen Energy Management Strategy (EMS). Strategic loading (SL), a core function of modern EMS, plays a key role in optimising en- ergy use, enhancing performance, reducing costs, and ensuring reliability during mission-critical scenarios. However, comprehensive analyses on BESS integration to address the actual operational needs of naval ship energy infrastructures are often insufficiently explored in the literature. This paper presents an optimisation-based SL approach for integrating BESS into naval ships through performance assessment. A range of BESS configurations was evaluated based on power and energy specifi- cations to minimise fuel consumption, improve generator load balancing, and en- hance redundancy. Real-world load data from a conventionally propelled naval ves- sel were used to validate the approach. Results show that properly sized BESS sys- tems significantly reduce fuel use and increases overall electric load stability and availability. The proposed method supports model-based EMS design and enables future retrofitting of conventional naval ships.
Battery Energy Storage Systems for Emission Reduction: A Roadmap for Strategic Loading of Naval Ships
Daniele Belvisi;Massimo Figari
2025-01-01
Abstract
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) stand as a cutting-edge solu- tion for reducing emissions and improving the resilience of naval hybrid power systems. However, their effectiveness depends on several factors, including opera- tional and reliability requirements, power system configuration and electrification level, load profiles, and the chosen Energy Management Strategy (EMS). Strategic loading (SL), a core function of modern EMS, plays a key role in optimising en- ergy use, enhancing performance, reducing costs, and ensuring reliability during mission-critical scenarios. However, comprehensive analyses on BESS integration to address the actual operational needs of naval ship energy infrastructures are often insufficiently explored in the literature. This paper presents an optimisation-based SL approach for integrating BESS into naval ships through performance assessment. A range of BESS configurations was evaluated based on power and energy specifi- cations to minimise fuel consumption, improve generator load balancing, and en- hance redundancy. Real-world load data from a conventionally propelled naval ves- sel were used to validate the approach. Results show that properly sized BESS sys- tems significantly reduce fuel use and increases overall electric load stability and availability. The proposed method supports model-based EMS design and enables future retrofitting of conventional naval ships.
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