Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Plug-in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) always incorporate a battery system to handle transient loads and recover braking energy. However, hybrid configurations, such as those integrating supercapacitor systems, are nowadays widely studied due to their potential to enhance efficiency, driving performance, and component lifespan. Supercapacitors offer significantly higher power density than batteries, making them valuable for FCEVs adoption. In this paper the use of battery and supercapacitors in a FCEV is investigated and the resulting energy consumption is compared under real road conditions. In addition, experimental tests have been carried out on Li-NMC battery cells and simulation tests have been conducted to validate the presented analysis.