Exploratory research on optimising the synergistic application of fungi biopolymers in soil engineering

Human activities have accelerated soil degradation, highlighting the need for effective stabilising techniques. Conventional stabilisation practices involve energy and carbon intensive processes. Alternatively, significant soil stabilisation can be achieved with small amounts of biopolymer, while the saprotrophic fungus has been found to induce water repellency and stabilisation in sand. This exploratory study leverages the synergistic interaction between fungal networks of Pleurotus eryngii and biopolymers, specifically guar and xanthan gums. Three methods of fungal inoculation were assessed– solid spawn, liquid suspension and blend. The solid spawn showed the most promising fungal growth on a sand biopolymer composite, with recommendations provided for potential adjustments to future liquid inoculates. Furthermore, the impact of fungal growth over 14 and 21 days on the compressive strength of the biopolymer-sand composites was examined. Xanthan gum exhibits superior mechanical properties, while guar gum showed greater potential as a nutrient source.