Integrating Digital Twin Technology for Sustainable Smart Greenhouse Management: A Case Study for Liguria Region in Italy

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to integrating Digital Twin (DT) technology into smart greenhouse management, focusing on a photovoltaic (PV) mini-greenhouse prototype developed at the Savona campus of the University of Genoa, Italy. Based on advanced cyber-physical systems, the proposed framework combines a robust physical domain, a cloudenabled cyber domain, and an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate real-time monitoring, predictive analysis, and dynamic control of greenhouse conditions. The physical domain integrates sensors and actuators, while the cyber domain processes data via artificial intelligence and cloud services. The graphical user interface guarantees accessible user interaction for greenhouse optimization. This integration improves energy efficiency, operational precision, and the sustainability of farming practices. A detailed case study of the Savona prototype demonstrates the system's effectiveness and scalability for wider applications in smart agriculture.