A Zero-Emission Propulsion System for a Sustainable Whale Watching Catamaran

The transition from fossil fuels to zero-emission solutions is essential to reduce the environmental impact of human activities. This paper presents a methodology for the design and environmental impact assessment of low emission marine vessels, demonstrated through a specific case study involving a semi-displacement catamaran operating in the Pelagos Sanctuary for whale watching and oceanographic research. The ship features a full-electric propulsion system relying exclusively on batteries and hydrogen-powered fuel cells to minimize environmental impact. A comprehensive Well-to-Wake analysis evaluates and compares the environmental impact of different hydrogen production pathways and two distinct onshore power grid energy mixes. Additionally, a preliminary operational cost assessment of the various energy vectors is carried out. The results highlight the advantages associated with “Green” hydrogen produced via water electrolysis, particularly when combined with a non-fossil-based onshore energy mix, with the drawback of using a costly energy source. The findings underscore the potential and feasibility of adopting fully electric propulsion systems in environmentally sensitive maritime areas.