Abstract (EN) Purpose: The overall objective of the PREVAIL project is to assess the distribution and prevalence of incidental oncological findings and their anatomical location on preoperative CT scans in patients who are candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and in patients undergoing vascular surgery (VS) involving aortic endoprosthesis placement (EVAR and TEVAR). The specific objectives are as follows: 1. To quantify the frequency of incidental oncological findings identified on pre- endovascular CT scans in a regional cohort (Liguria, Italy). 2. To describe the anatomical distribution and types of these findings. 3. To compare the prevalence and distribution of oncological findings observed in the studied regional cohort with incidence data from the general Italian population, as reported by AIOM registries. Methods: As part of the PREVAIL project, we retrospectively analysed 840 patients who underwent preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) for planning endovascular aortic procedures (TAVI, TEVAR, EVAR). All patients who underwent CTA of the thoracoabdominal aorta and iliofemoral vessels between January 2022 and October 2024 at regional radiology centres in Liguria, including the Radiology Department of IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, were included. CTA acquisitions were performed using a standardised protocol with pre- and post-contrast phases following rapid intravenous injection of iodinated contrast material, optimized for aortic angiographic assessment. CTA images were independently reviewed in a blinded fashion using two different software to identify clinically significant incidental radiological findings. For each oncological finding, anatomical location, lesion size, and presence of secondary disease sites were recorded. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from electronic medical records. The prevalence and site-specific distribution of oncological findings were compared with incidence data from the general Italian population, as reported by national cancer registries (AIOM, 2023), using χ² tests to compare proportions. Results: The study population was characterized by advanced age, which was significantly higher in the TAVI cohort than in patients undergoing vascular surgery (VS) (84±7 vs. 75±8, p<0.001). The prevalence of females was also higher in patients with aortic valve disease (52% vs. 22%, p<0.001). Overall, neoplastic lesions were present in 56 patients (6.7%), including 49 TAVI patients (87.5%) and 7 VS patients (12.5%); among these, a previous history of cancer was documented in only 17 patients (30%). The prevalence of incidental oncological findings was slightly higher in patients undergoing TAVI than in candidates for CV (5.2% vs. 2.7%, p=0.19). The organ most frequently involved was the kidney (16 patients, 2.33%), followed by the breast (10 patients, 1.45%), the lung and gastrointestinal tract (6 patients each, 0.87%), and finally the prostate (2 patients, 0.29%). Tissue distribution differed significantly from that reported in the AIOM registries, with the greatest discrepancy observed for malignant renal tumors, which were 8.9 times more frequent than expected based on registry data. Follow-up analysis provided clinically relevant results. In-hospital mortality in patients undergoing TAVI was significantly lower in the absence of oncological findings (p<0.000001), while this association did not reach significance in CV patients. It is important to note that the presence of an incidental neoplastic lesion on preoperative CTA was not associated with a higher risk of long-term death in either the TAVI or CV cohort. Conclusion: CTA performed for TAVI planning provides an additional diagnostic opportunity by enabling the detection of clinically relevant incidental tumours. Our data reveal an atypical tumour distribution compared with the general population, with a significant overrepresentation of renal tumours. These findings support the systematic review of CTA beyond vascular assessment, highlighting its potential role in integrated oncological evaluation of frail and often paucisymptomatic patients.
Abstract (IT) Scopo: L’obiettivo generale del progetto PREVAIL è valutare la distribuzione e la prevalenza dei reperti oncologici incidentali e la loro localizzazione anatomica nelle TC preoperatorie di pazienti candidati a impianto transcatetere di valvola aortica (TAVI) e di pazienti sottoposti a chirurgia vascolare (CV) con posizionamento di endoprotesi aortica (EVAR e TEVAR). Gli obiettivi specifici sono i seguenti: 1. Quantificare la frequenza dei reperti oncologici incidentali identificati nelle TC pre- chirurgia endovascolare in una coorte regionale (Liguria, Italia). 2. Descrivere la distribuzione anatomica e le tipologie di tali reperti. 3. Confrontare la prevalenza e la distribuzione dei reperti oncologici osservati nella coorte regionale studiata con i dati di incidenza della popolazione generale italiana, come riportati dai registri AIOM. Materiali e metodi: Nell’ambito del progetto PREVAIL è stata condotta un’analisi retrospettiva su 840 pazienti sottoposti a tomografia computerizzata angiografica (CTA) preoperatoria per la pianificazione di procedure endovascolari aortiche (TAVI, TEVAR, EVAR). Sono stati inclusi tutti i pazienti sottoposti a CTA dell’aorta toraco-addominale e dei vasi ilio- femorali tra gennaio 2022 e ottobre 2024 presso i centri di radiologia regionali della Liguria, incluso il Dipartimento di Radiologia dell’IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino. Le acquisizioni CTA sono state eseguite secondo un protocollo standardizzato, comprendente fasi pre- e post-contrastografiche dopo rapida iniezione endovenosa di mezzo di contrasto iodato, ottimizzato per la valutazione angiografica dell’aorta. Le immagini CTA sono state revisionate in modo indipendente e in cieco utilizzando due differenti software, al fine di identificare reperti radiologici incidentali clinicamente significativi. Per ciascun reperto oncologico sono stati registrati la sede anatomica, le dimensioni della lesione e la presenza di eventuali localizzazioni secondarie. I dati demografici e clinici sono stati ricavati dalle cartelle cliniche elettroniche. La prevalenza e la distribuzione per sede dei reperti oncologici sono state confrontate con i dati di incidenza della popolazione generale italiana, come riportati dai registri oncologici nazionali (AIOM, 2023), utilizzando test χ² per il confronto delle proporzioni. Risultati: La popolazione in studio era caratterizzata da un’età avanzata, significativamente maggiore nella coorte TAVI rispetto ai pazienti sottoposti a chirurgia vascolare (CV) (84±7 vs 75±8, p<0.001). La prevalenza del sesso femminile era inoltre più elevata nei pazienti con patologia valvolare aortica (52% vs 22%, p<0.001). Complessivamente, le lesioni neoplastiche erano presenti in 56 pazienti (6,7%,) di cui 49 pazienti TAVI (87,5%) e 7 pazienti VS (12,5%); tra questi, una pregressa storia oncologica era documentata solo in 17 pazienti (30%). La prevalenza di reperti oncologici incidentali era lievemente maggiore nei pazienti sottoposti a TAVI rispetto ai candidati a CV (5.2% vs 2.7%, p=0.19). L’organo più frequentemente coinvolto è risultato il rene (16 pazienti, 2,33%), seguito dalla mammella (10 pazienti, 1,45%), dal polmone e dal tratto gastrointestinale (6 pazienti ciascuno, 0,87%), e infine dalla prostata (2 pazienti, 0,29%). La distribuzione tissutale differiva in modo significativo rispetto a quanto riportato nei registri AIOM, con la maggiore discrepanza osservata per i tumori maligni renali, risultati 8,9 volte più frequenti rispetto a quanto atteso sulla base dei dati di registro. L’analisi del follow-up ha fornito risultati clinicamente rilevanti. La mortalità intraospedaliera nei pazienti sottoposti a TAVI era significativamente più bassa in assenza di reperti oncologici (p<0.000001), mentre questa associazione non raggiungeva la signifcatività nei pazienti CV. È importante sottolineare che la presenza di una lesione neoplastica incidentale alla CTA preoperatoria non si associava ad un più alto rischio di morte a lungo termine né nella coorte TAVI né in quella CV. Conclusioni: La CTA eseguita per la pianificazione di procedure endovascolari rappresenta un’importante opportunità diagnostica aggiuntiva, consentendo l’identificazione di neoplasie incidentali clinicamente rilevanti. I nostri dati evidenziano una distribuzione tumorale atipica rispetto alla popolazione generale, con una significativa sovrarappresentazione dei tumori renali. Questi risultati supportano la revisione sistematica delle immagini CTA oltre la sola valutazione vascolare, sottolineandone il potenziale ruolo in una valutazione oncologica integrata di pazienti fragili e spesso paucisintomatici.
PREVAIL – Valutazione preoperatoria dell’anatomia vascolare e dei reperti oncologici incidentali nei pazienti candidati a TAVI e a procedure endovascolari aortiche
SAMBUCETI, VIRGINIA
2026-05-25
Abstract
Abstract (EN) Purpose: The overall objective of the PREVAIL project is to assess the distribution and prevalence of incidental oncological findings and their anatomical location on preoperative CT scans in patients who are candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and in patients undergoing vascular surgery (VS) involving aortic endoprosthesis placement (EVAR and TEVAR). The specific objectives are as follows: 1. To quantify the frequency of incidental oncological findings identified on pre- endovascular CT scans in a regional cohort (Liguria, Italy). 2. To describe the anatomical distribution and types of these findings. 3. To compare the prevalence and distribution of oncological findings observed in the studied regional cohort with incidence data from the general Italian population, as reported by AIOM registries. Methods: As part of the PREVAIL project, we retrospectively analysed 840 patients who underwent preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) for planning endovascular aortic procedures (TAVI, TEVAR, EVAR). All patients who underwent CTA of the thoracoabdominal aorta and iliofemoral vessels between January 2022 and October 2024 at regional radiology centres in Liguria, including the Radiology Department of IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, were included. CTA acquisitions were performed using a standardised protocol with pre- and post-contrast phases following rapid intravenous injection of iodinated contrast material, optimized for aortic angiographic assessment. CTA images were independently reviewed in a blinded fashion using two different software to identify clinically significant incidental radiological findings. For each oncological finding, anatomical location, lesion size, and presence of secondary disease sites were recorded. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from electronic medical records. The prevalence and site-specific distribution of oncological findings were compared with incidence data from the general Italian population, as reported by national cancer registries (AIOM, 2023), using χ² tests to compare proportions. Results: The study population was characterized by advanced age, which was significantly higher in the TAVI cohort than in patients undergoing vascular surgery (VS) (84±7 vs. 75±8, p<0.001). The prevalence of females was also higher in patients with aortic valve disease (52% vs. 22%, p<0.001). Overall, neoplastic lesions were present in 56 patients (6.7%), including 49 TAVI patients (87.5%) and 7 VS patients (12.5%); among these, a previous history of cancer was documented in only 17 patients (30%). The prevalence of incidental oncological findings was slightly higher in patients undergoing TAVI than in candidates for CV (5.2% vs. 2.7%, p=0.19). The organ most frequently involved was the kidney (16 patients, 2.33%), followed by the breast (10 patients, 1.45%), the lung and gastrointestinal tract (6 patients each, 0.87%), and finally the prostate (2 patients, 0.29%). Tissue distribution differed significantly from that reported in the AIOM registries, with the greatest discrepancy observed for malignant renal tumors, which were 8.9 times more frequent than expected based on registry data. Follow-up analysis provided clinically relevant results. In-hospital mortality in patients undergoing TAVI was significantly lower in the absence of oncological findings (p<0.000001), while this association did not reach significance in CV patients. It is important to note that the presence of an incidental neoplastic lesion on preoperative CTA was not associated with a higher risk of long-term death in either the TAVI or CV cohort. Conclusion: CTA performed for TAVI planning provides an additional diagnostic opportunity by enabling the detection of clinically relevant incidental tumours. Our data reveal an atypical tumour distribution compared with the general population, with a significant overrepresentation of renal tumours. These findings support the systematic review of CTA beyond vascular assessment, highlighting its potential role in integrated oncological evaluation of frail and often paucisymptomatic patients.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.



