Synthetic Inertia by a Wind Farm-Electrolyzer Unit: Dynamic Optimal Sizing and Service Provision

This paper proposes a framework based on Model Predictive Control, for the delivery of a synthetic inertia service, coupled with a procedure to dynamically size the inertial response of a unit composed by a wind farm and an electrolyzer. During normal operations, the system meets a continuous demand of hydrogen, maximizes wind generation and gets ready to provide synthetic inertia by optimally sizing the synthetic inertia time constant according to the current unit capability. When a significant frequency drop occurs, according to specific activation rules, the unit provides synthetic inertia with the pre-defined size by coordinating the contribution of the wind turbines and of the electrolyzer. The method is validated through simulations at different wind speed conditions.