INVISIBLE LINES, SHARED LANDSCAPES. RURAL HERITAGE AS A RESOURCE IN BORDER TERRITORIES UNDERGOING DEPOPULATION: THE CASE OF ANDALUSIA AND EXTREMADURA

In recent years, the loss of functions in rural areas has become increasingly evident. This situation generates spatial and territorial inequalities and injustices in highly complex geographic environments, as well as the loss of landscape identity. All of this deteriorates the livelihoods of their inhabitants, resulting in fragile landscapes that further accentuate depopulation. However, following the Covid-19 pandemic and in a context of overcrowding in large cities, rural areas have emerged as spaces of opportunity for more sustainable territorial rebalancing. Despite the persistent trend of demographic decline, these areas retain distinctive qualities and values that are now under threat. The problem is particularly acute in border areas between Autonomous Communities, which are distant from decision-making centers and shaped by tensions arising from the distribution of competences. In this context, it becomes necessary to develop recovery and sustainability strategies from a territorial perspective, grounded in in-depth knowledge and a comprehensive assessment of the landscape in its physical and social dimensions, but especially in its cultural dimension, as it is this aspect that enables the identification of historical patterns of settlement and land use and helps to understand the territory’s present configuration. Conceived as a historical and collective construct, the landscape articulates the physical environment, social practices and heritage, offering an interpretative framework capable of revealing continuities, transformations and ruptures. From this perspective, the study focuses on the shared territory between Extremadura and Andalusia, comprising 55 municipalities with common characteristics, challenges and heritage resources. Regarding these assets —particularly vulnerable in rural contexts— their protection and enhancement must be addressed at a territorial scale, given their close connection to place and their capacity to acquire greater meaning when interpreted collectively. Proper identification and integration within their surroundings thus make it possible to trace territorial readings —like invisible lines— that expand their meaning and functionality and weave networks that extend beyond autonomous boundaries. Based on all of the above, a proposal of actions is put forward to shape an Interregional Landscape Plan, offering opportunities for the reactivation, reterritorialization and planning of rural areas, thus fostering social cohesion.