Management of posterior crossbite with maxillary expansion: A narrative review of contemporary evidence

Posterior crossbite is a common malocclusion seen in both the primary, mixed and permanent dentitions. Multiple orthodontic appliance systems and clinical protocols for correcting posterior crossbite and maxillary transverse deficiency have been described. This review discusses treatment approaches for maxillary expansion within the context of appliance design and treatment timing. We consider the clinical efficiency of different appliance systems in terms of dental and skeletal expansion that can be achieved, and clinical effectiveness including cost analysis. We provide simple guidelines for what is achievable in terms of maxillary expansion according to contemporary systematic reviews.