Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Provide Sustainable Solutions for Climate Change

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction offers a promising strategy to convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels, addressing critical environmental and economic challenges. Key performance parameters, factors influencing catalytic efficiency, and the diverse range of catalyst types are discussed in detail. The review highlights the intrinsic challenges associated with CO2’s chemical stability and energy barriers, as well as the effects of catalyst structure, electronic properties, and reaction environment. In addition, the economic and practical aspects of CO2RR are considered, including the scalability of catalyst synthesis, energy input requirements, and cost-effectiveness for industrial deployment. Finally, future perspectives emphasize the importance of integrated strategies involving catalyst innovation, electrode and reactor design, and electrolyte optimization to overcome current limitations and enable the practical, large-scale deployment of CO2 electroreduction as a sustainable solution for carbon management and renewable energy storage.