Coral resilience in a changing climate: A site-specific analysis of Maldivian reefs over 19 years

The Maldives Archipelago faces significant environmental vulnerabilities, primarily from rising sea surface temperatures and local human pressures, which result in coral bleaching and mortality, and local declines in biodiversity. This study analyses nineteen years (2005–2023) of data across four reefs under varying conditions to examine disturbance and recovery patterns, with a focus on spatial variability and site-specific influence. Using the Reef Check protocol, surveys assessed benthic composition, fish, and macro-invertebrate abundance in North Malé, Ari, and Rasdhoo atolls. Results highlight distinct site responses: Rasdhoo Madivaru, an oceanic site, maintained stable coral cover, while lagoon sites showed varied post-bleaching recovery trajectories. Reefs with minimal human impact had higher recovery rates, unlike heavily frequented sites, like Dhega Thila, where benthic composition shifted. These findings underscore the need for localised, adaptive conservation strategies to preserve Maldivian reef ecosystems in a changing climate.