Background and purpose: Arterial Spin Labelling MRI is a neuroimaging technique able to evaluate brain perfusion, an indirect measure of brain metabolism and function. Arterial Spin Labelling MRI showed to have performances comparable to [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in in epilepsy, yet literature data is still lacking about its use in children and the value of voxel-based asymmetry index analysis. Purpose of the project is to compare the Arterial Spin Labelling MRI and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET ability to identify the epileptogenic zone before and after asymmetry index analysis in children. Materials and methods: In this observational study, paediatric patients with focal onset drug-resistant epilepsy that underwent presurgical evaluation, including Arterial Spin Labelling MRI and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, were enrolled. The epileptogenic zone was defined by anatomo-electroclinical correlation and post-surgical outcome, when feasible. The rates of concordance with the epileptogenic zone of Arterial Spin Labelling MRI and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET before (visual analysis) and after asymmetry index analysis, were calculated. Statistically significant differences between were determined using Mc Nemar’s test (p < 0.05). Results: 28 paediatric patients (mean age 10.07 years, 15 females) with focal epilepsy were enrolled; 22 underwent epilepsy surgery (mean age 9.86 years, 12 females). When comparing the techniques, visual analysis of Arterial Spin Labelling MRI had a significantly lower rate of concordance with the epileptogenic zone (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Voxel-based asymmetry index analysis increased significantly the rate of concordance of Arterial Spin Labelling MRI with the epileptogenic zone, achieving results comparable with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in a cohort of paediatric patients. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10072-026-08891-y.
Head to head comparison between arterial spin labelling MRI and [18F]FDG-PET in presurgical evaluation of epilepsy in children: the role of voxel-based asymmetry index analysis
Pietro Mattioli;Giulia Nobile;Matteo Cataldi;Luca Bosisio;Alessandro Consales;Stefano Raffa;Flavio Villani;Silvia Morbelli;Dario Arnaldi;Lino Nobili;Domenico Tortora;Thea Giacomini;Laura Giorgetti;Mattia Losa;Maria Margherita Mancardi;Valentina Marazzotta;Elisa Micalizzi;Mattia Pacetti;Mariasavina Severino;Laura Siri;
2026-01-01
Abstract
Background and purpose: Arterial Spin Labelling MRI is a neuroimaging technique able to evaluate brain perfusion, an indirect measure of brain metabolism and function. Arterial Spin Labelling MRI showed to have performances comparable to [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in in epilepsy, yet literature data is still lacking about its use in children and the value of voxel-based asymmetry index analysis. Purpose of the project is to compare the Arterial Spin Labelling MRI and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET ability to identify the epileptogenic zone before and after asymmetry index analysis in children. Materials and methods: In this observational study, paediatric patients with focal onset drug-resistant epilepsy that underwent presurgical evaluation, including Arterial Spin Labelling MRI and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, were enrolled. The epileptogenic zone was defined by anatomo-electroclinical correlation and post-surgical outcome, when feasible. The rates of concordance with the epileptogenic zone of Arterial Spin Labelling MRI and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET before (visual analysis) and after asymmetry index analysis, were calculated. Statistically significant differences between were determined using Mc Nemar’s test (p < 0.05). Results: 28 paediatric patients (mean age 10.07 years, 15 females) with focal epilepsy were enrolled; 22 underwent epilepsy surgery (mean age 9.86 years, 12 females). When comparing the techniques, visual analysis of Arterial Spin Labelling MRI had a significantly lower rate of concordance with the epileptogenic zone (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Voxel-based asymmetry index analysis increased significantly the rate of concordance of Arterial Spin Labelling MRI with the epileptogenic zone, achieving results comparable with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in a cohort of paediatric patients. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10072-026-08891-y.
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