This article examines the role of adapted motor activities - specifically sailing - in promoting social inclusion among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The analysis begins by considering the distinctive nature of MS as a widespread form of “invisible disability”, characterized by clinical complexity and frequent social misunderstandings. After providing a concise overview of the clinical, epidemiological, and psychosocial aspects of MS, the article explores the effects that participation in structured physical activities can generate in terms of well-being, self determination, and the development of meaningful social relationships. The empirical section is based on a case study conducted through participant observation during a sailing initiation programme held in October 2025, involving 18 PwMS with varying degrees of disability. The immersive observation - carried out throughout both formal and informal activities and during the sailing sessions - made it possible to collect a substantial set of ethnographic fieldnotes useful for understanding how the sporting experience shapes participants’ identities, interactions, and perceptions of themselves. The findings indicate that sailing, due to its cooperative structure, its capacity to assign differentiated roles, and the natural environment in which it is practiced, produces a dual effect. On the one hand, it strengthens self-esteem, confidence in one’s abilities, and the perception of personal competence; on the other, it fosters a sense of belonging grounded in reciprocity, in the shared experience of managing illness-related challenges, and in the opportunity to be recognized as active members of a group. The symbolic dimension of the activity also plays a crucial role: access to a fully accessible boat and the act of “leaving the shore” become tangible metaphors for moving beyond vulnerability and overcoming the physical and cultural barriers that often limit the social participation of PwMS. The article also discusses the conditions required to ensure the effectiveness of such initiatives: the presence of health professionals able to provide individualized guidance; the continuity of motor activities over time; the adequate training of instructors; and cooperation between third-sector organizations and public institutions. Overall, the study confirms that sailing - within the broader context of inclusive and therapeutic sailing programmes - acts as a significant tool for promoting physical, psychological, and social well being among PwMS. It supports the development of more positive identities, enhances social connectedness, and broadens opportunities for participation in community life.
L’articolo analizza il ruolo delle pratiche motorie adattate, e in particolare della vela, nei processi di inclusione sociale delle persone con sclerosi multipla (PcSM), assumendo come punto di partenza la natura peculiare della SM quale tipo di “disabilità invisibile”. Dopo aver presentato in forma sintetica le caratteristiche cliniche, epidemiologiche e psicosociali della malattia, l’attenzione si concentra sugli effetti che la partecipazione ad attività fisico-sportive può generare in termini di benessere, autodeterminazione e costruzione di relazioni significative. L’analisi empirica si fonda su uno studio di caso realizzato attraverso la tecnica dell’osservazione partecipante durante un’iniziativa di avvicinamento alla pratica velica svoltasi nell’ottobre 2025, che ha coinvolto 18 PcSM con differenti gradi di disabilità. L’osservazione, condotta in maniera immersiva in tutti i momenti - formali, informali e di navigazione - ha consentito di raccogliere un ampio corpus di note etnografiche utili a comprendere come l’esperienza sportiva incida sulle dinamiche identitarie e relazionali dei partecipanti. Le evidenze mostrano che la vela, grazie alla sua struttura cooperativa, alla possibilità di attribuire ruoli differenziati e all’ambiente naturale in cui si svolge, produce un duplice effetto: da un lato rafforza l’autostima, la fiducia nelle proprie capacità e la percezione di competenza; dall’altro favorisce la costruzione di un senso di appartenenza fondato sulla reciprocità, sulla condivisione delle difficoltà legate alla malattia e sulla possibilità di essere riconosciuti come membri attivi di un gruppo. Particolare rilevanza assume la dimensione simbolica dell’attività: l’accesso a un’imbarcazione completamente inclusiva e il “lasciare la terraferma” diventano metafore concrete di uscita dalla condizione di vulnerabilità e di superamento delle barriere - fisiche e culturali - che spesso confinano le PcSM in spazi sociali limitati. L’articolo discute inoltre le condizioni necessarie affinché iniziative di questo tipo risultino efficaci sul piano inclusivo: la presenza di professionisti capaci di fornire supporto personalizzato, la continuità delle pratiche motorie nel tempo, l’adeguata formazione degli istruttori e la collaborazione tra associazioni del terzo settore e istituzioni pubbliche. I risultati confermano che la pratica velica, nell’ambito della più ampia esperienza della “vela solidale”, rappresenta un dispositivo significativo di promozione del benessere fisico, psicologico e sociale delle PcSM, contribuendo alla costruzione di identità positive e all’espansione delle opportunità di partecipazione alla vita in società.
Pratiche motorie, sclerosi multipla e inclusione sociale: note da uno studio di caso
Massa Agostino
2026-01-01
Abstract
This article examines the role of adapted motor activities - specifically sailing - in promoting social inclusion among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The analysis begins by considering the distinctive nature of MS as a widespread form of “invisible disability”, characterized by clinical complexity and frequent social misunderstandings. After providing a concise overview of the clinical, epidemiological, and psychosocial aspects of MS, the article explores the effects that participation in structured physical activities can generate in terms of well-being, self determination, and the development of meaningful social relationships. The empirical section is based on a case study conducted through participant observation during a sailing initiation programme held in October 2025, involving 18 PwMS with varying degrees of disability. The immersive observation - carried out throughout both formal and informal activities and during the sailing sessions - made it possible to collect a substantial set of ethnographic fieldnotes useful for understanding how the sporting experience shapes participants’ identities, interactions, and perceptions of themselves. The findings indicate that sailing, due to its cooperative structure, its capacity to assign differentiated roles, and the natural environment in which it is practiced, produces a dual effect. On the one hand, it strengthens self-esteem, confidence in one’s abilities, and the perception of personal competence; on the other, it fosters a sense of belonging grounded in reciprocity, in the shared experience of managing illness-related challenges, and in the opportunity to be recognized as active members of a group. The symbolic dimension of the activity also plays a crucial role: access to a fully accessible boat and the act of “leaving the shore” become tangible metaphors for moving beyond vulnerability and overcoming the physical and cultural barriers that often limit the social participation of PwMS. The article also discusses the conditions required to ensure the effectiveness of such initiatives: the presence of health professionals able to provide individualized guidance; the continuity of motor activities over time; the adequate training of instructors; and cooperation between third-sector organizations and public institutions. Overall, the study confirms that sailing - within the broader context of inclusive and therapeutic sailing programmes - acts as a significant tool for promoting physical, psychological, and social well being among PwMS. It supports the development of more positive identities, enhances social connectedness, and broadens opportunities for participation in community life.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.



