Exploring gender differences in Physiotherapy research in Italy: a cross-sectional analysis

Introduction: Gender equity in scientific research, especially in Physiotherapy, reveals significant underrepresentation of women, affecting career advancement, salary, and research recognition. This study aims to examine the characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and productivity of Physiotherapy researchers in Italy, focusing on gender distribution. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on Italian Physiotherapists who either have a PhD or are currently enrolled in PhD programs. We used a survey consisting of 62 items that explored demographic and educational characteristics, research experience, work-life balance, attitude and social norms, and career-related factors. Performance metrics included H-index, number of publications (during PhD and in the whole career), and awards. Results: Of the 167 Physiotherapists surveyed, 102 participated. Female participants reported worse attitudes and social norms perception, and during their PhD, were less satisfied with work conditions compared to males. Females reported a median of 3 publications during their PhD, and males 5. However, after adjusting for age, time invested in research, and whether the interviewee lives with a partner, age remains the only associated factor. There is no evidence of an association between gender and H-index or awards. Conclusion: Gender-based disparities in research attitudes exist in Physiotherapy, particularly during the PhD phase, favoring males. Further research is needed to promote gender equity.