Chlamydia trachomatis proctitis mimicking an inflammatory bowel disease and hiding human immunodeficiency virus infection

The sexually transmitted infections (STIs) involving the anus-rectum are responsible for symptoms that can be easily confused with an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) without an appropriate history taking. We describe the case of a patient with symptoms that simulated an IBD, which hid multiple simultaneous STIs: Chlamydia trachomatis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus and latent syphilis. The clinical-pathological misinterpretation of STIs may cause ineffective disease management and unaware spreading of other serious infections, as HIV. There is a crucial need to raise awareness and update healthcare personnel on STIs to avoid diagnostic delays, inappropriate therapies and irreversible complications.