Starting from the distinction between a “closed” system and an “open” structure, the article proposes a conceptual disambiguation that identifies the system as an ordered, self-sufficient, and tendentially definitive configuration, whereas the structure is understood as a relational, generative, and continuously evolving form. Through an analysis of Leibniz’s principle of sufficient reason, the ontological foundations of causality, identity, and knowledge are examined. The article then focuses on the Encyclopedia of the Sciences in Leibniz’s thought, interpreting it as an open epistemological structure oriented toward the ars inveniendi. Finally, the discussion converges on systemic and/or structural occurrences, showing how system and structure, while not synonymous, can operate dialectically within scientific, pedagogical, and philosophical inquiry, thereby offering different modes of understanding reality
Muovendo dalla distinzione tra sistema “chiuso” e struttura “aperta”, l’articolo propone una disambiguazione concettuale che riconosce nel sistema una configurazione ordinata, autosufficiente e tendenzialmente definitiva, mentre nella struttura una forma relazionale, generativa e in continua trasformazione. Attraverso l’analisi del leibniziano principio di ragion sufficiente, vengono presi in esame i fondamenti ontologici della causalità, dell’identità e della conoscenza. L’articolo si sofferma quindi sull’Enciclopedia delle scienze nel pensiero di Leibniz, interpretata come una struttura epistemologica aperta orientata all’ars inveniendi. La riflessione converge infine sulle occorrenze sistemiche e/o strutturali mostrando come sistema e struttura, non essendo sinonimi, possano operare dialetticamente nella ricerca scientifica, pedagogica e filosofica per offrire differenti modalità di comprensione della realtà.
Sistema vs Struttura. Il caso Leibniz
Mario Gennari;Francesca Marcone
2026-01-01
Abstract
Starting from the distinction between a “closed” system and an “open” structure, the article proposes a conceptual disambiguation that identifies the system as an ordered, self-sufficient, and tendentially definitive configuration, whereas the structure is understood as a relational, generative, and continuously evolving form. Through an analysis of Leibniz’s principle of sufficient reason, the ontological foundations of causality, identity, and knowledge are examined. The article then focuses on the Encyclopedia of the Sciences in Leibniz’s thought, interpreting it as an open epistemological structure oriented toward the ars inveniendi. Finally, the discussion converges on systemic and/or structural occurrences, showing how system and structure, while not synonymous, can operate dialectically within scientific, pedagogical, and philosophical inquiry, thereby offering different modes of understanding realityI documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.



